The choice between RC (Resin-Coated) and Fiber-Based prints has long been debated among analog photographers. While both have their place in the darkroom and art market, misconceptions persist—particularly surrounding RC prints.
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In this article, I’ll explore the history of RC prints, why they once gained a bad reputation, and why modern RC papers are high-quality products deserving consideration. I’ll also share practical insights on when to use RC prints versus fiber-based prints, including technical comparisons, cost breakdowns, and tips for choosing the right medium for your needs.
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The History of RC Prints: Why the Bad Reputation?
RC (Resin-Coated) paper was introduced in the 1960s as a more efficient alternative to fiber-based paper. The key advantage of RC paper was its shorter washing and drying times due to the polyethylene coating that encases the paper fibers. It revolutionized darkroom printing, particularly for photographers who needed quick results.
However, in the early days, RC paper suffered from quality issues:
- Yellowing: Early RC emulsions and coatings sometimes discolored over time.
- Longevity Concerns: Many believed RC prints lacked archival stability compared to fiber-based prints.
- Surface Cracks and Delamination: Issues with coating adhesion in early papers created physical deterioration.
These problems gave RC papers an unfair reputation as “junk” or “non-archival.” Yet the materials and technology have significantly improved over the last 50 years.
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Modern RC Prints: Quality and Longevity
Modern RC papers are a far cry from their early predecessors. Advances in emulsions, coatings, and paper production have ensured that RC prints are now:
- Archival: Properly processed RC prints can last for decades without degradation. I have RC prints I personally made 50 years ago, and they remain in excellent condition, with no visible yellowing, cracking, or delamination. Based on the fact that these prints have moved with me around the world, often stored in less-than-ideal conditions, and still look like the day they were made, I can confidently suggest that modern-day RC prints, when properly processed and toned, should last for several generations at a minimum.
- Durable: The resin coating protects prints from handling damage and environmental factors like humidity.
- Consistent: RC paper offers a smooth, even surface ideal for detailed images.
Technical Comparisons: RC vs. Fiber Prints
| Feature | RC Prints | Fiber-Based Prints |
|---|---|---|
| Processing Time | Faster processing (shorter wash/dry times) | Longer processing (extended wash/dry) |
| Washing | ~2 minutes | ~60+ minutes |
| Drying Time | ~10-15 minutes | ~4-8 hours (or longer) |
| Archival Stability | High when properly processed | Highest archival quality |
| Surface Options | Glossy, Pearl, Satin, Matte | Matte, Semi-Matte, Glossy |
| Tone and Depth | Slightly less deep blacks and tonal range | Superior tonal depth and rich blacks |
| Weight and Feel | Thinner, smoother surface | Heavier, textured surface |
| Cost | Lower cost per print | Higher cost per print (3X or more) |
| Suitability | Everyday prints, portfolio work, lower-cost art | Fine art exhibitions, gallery-quality work |
Cost Breakdown: RC vs. Fiber-Based Prints
While costs will vary depending on the paper brand and size, here’s a general comparison for 8×10 prints:
| Item | RC Paper | Fiber-Based Paper |
|---|---|---|
| Paper Cost (Per Sheet) | $0.50 – $1.25 | $3.00 – $5.00 |
| Chemicals (Estimate) | Equal for both types | Equal for both types |
| Processing Time (Labor) | ~10 minutes | ~4 hour+ |
| Drying and Finishing | Minimal effort/time, no flattening required | Requires flattening, more handling |
| Final Print Price | $50 – $100 | $175 – $250+ |
Key Insight: RC prints cost significantly less to produce and process, making them a smart choice for photographers offering lower-cost editions. Fiber-based prints, on the other hand, carry higher production costs, which are reflected in their premium pricing.
It all depends on your art marketing strategy and your audience. If for example, you are creating new work for museums, galleries, or collectors that require the best of the best, then you should use fiber papers. Even in this scenario, RC still has a place in your darkroom because you can make all of your artist proofs on RC paper and only use fiber when you are ready to make the final artwork. I have found with the generation V Ilford RC papers process identical to their fiber papers.
When to Use RC Prints vs. Fiber Prints
RC Prints: Practical and Affordable
- Lower Cost: RC prints are perfect for offering affordable options to art buyers who may not be ready to invest in premium fiber prints. This can help broaden your audience while keeping your work accessible.
- Faster Workflow: RC prints wash and dry quickly, making them ideal for test prints, contact sheets, and situations where time is a factor.
- Everyday Use: RC paper works well for portfolios, gifts, and prints that won’t require intensive framing or archival mounting.
- Durability: The resin coating offers protection against moisture, making RC prints ideal for humid environments.
Example: I often offer RC prints at a lower price point for collectors who appreciate my work but don’t want to invest in higher-cost fiber editions.
Fiber-Based Prints: The Premium Choice
- Archival Excellence: Fiber-based prints have unmatched longevity when processed correctly. They are considered the gold standard for museum and gallery work.
- Surface Quality: Fiber prints offer a richer tonal range, deeper blacks, and a more tactile quality that appeals to serious collectors and fine art buyers.
- Custom Finishing: Fiber prints can be toned, hand-retouched, and mounted with greater flexibility.
- Perceived Value: For collectors, fiber prints often carry a greater sense of craftsmanship and value.
Example: I reserve fiber-based prints for limited editions, gallery exhibitions, or buyers seeking the highest-quality presentation.
Debunking the “RC is Junk” Myth
Despite their early issues, RC papers are no longer inferior products. In fact, they offer durability, longevity, and excellent tonal reproduction at a lower cost. For many photographers and collectors, RC prints represent an affordable, high-quality option.
At the same time, fiber-based prints remain the standard for archival fine art printing, offering a unique look and feel that many collectors value.
The key is knowing your audience and choosing the right print for the right purpose.
RC paper has a place in your workflow, even if you make your final work on fiber paper. Using RC paper for your proofs and contact sheets saves you a lot of time, money, and effort.
Conclusion: Embrace Both, Choose Wisely
As analog photographers, we don’t need to choose one over the other. RC and fiber-based prints each have their place in the darkroom and art world. By offering both, you can meet the needs of different audiences while maintaining the quality and integrity of your work.
Whether you’re making affordable RC prints for new collectors or crafting museum-quality fiber prints, each medium allows you to share your art in a meaningful way.
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